Syllable
Introduction:
Language is made of different sound. One sound is
one syllable. It is a unit of some length. it consist one or more speech
sounds. Consonants and vowels joined together make them. Any word is made up at
least of one or more syllables. We can notice and analyze it a word. But we can
restrict them.
Monosyllables:
There are some words which have only one sound or
syllable. They are called monosyllables or monosyllabic words. Notice the words
girl, boy, shirt, came, go, ant, up, cut, etc. they are monosyllables.
Multi- syllables:
There are some words which have more than one
sound called syllable. if there are more syllables, they can be recognized
according to their numbers. Syllables division is marked by a hyphen. e.g.
tai-lor. As there are two syllables it is a disyllabic word. Remember' has
three syllables 're-mem-ber'. 'Population' has four and ' examination' has five
syllables.
But all the time marking by hyphen is not
possible some alphabets represent two sounds. Look the word 'example'. Here 'x'
represents two sounds /g/ and /z/. How to separate them, /g/ sound goes with
/i/ and/z/ sounds goes with /a:/. To avoid this problem phonetic transcription
is helpful. Syllable marking is done there easily. e.g. Cigarette - si-g-ret,
Captain - kaep-tin, Possibility po-s-bi-li-ti.
often it is not easy to find out point out to
show where one sy;;able ends on the other begins. 'Cigarette can be the divided
into two ways - 'Si-g-ret' and 'sig-ret'. But as far as phonology allows it can
be done. Meaning is important.
Syllable Composition:
Syllable is or can be composition of consonants
and vowels. There are a few syllables which are made of only vowels e.g. 'ah'
'oh' 'I'. /u/ and /a:/ spoken respectively. if a syllable has more than one
speech sounds. one of them will be a vowel and rest consonant. e.g. 'any' it is
made of /e/ and /ni/. Dipthong is considered a single sound unit. To understand
the composition of a word some terms should be useful.
The vowel in a syllable is a centre unit. it is
known as 'nucleus'.
First consonant of a syllable is called '
releasing consonant'.
Where the word ends, the last consonant is called
'arresting consonant'.
A consonant is symbolized by C
A Vowel is symbolized by V
Here are some examples:
A word CAT has the structure of CVC. Phonetic
transcription 'kaet' helps us to understand, /ae/ is nucleus. /k/ is releasing
and /t/ is arresting consonant. Nucleus arrests /t/ sound.
Some syllables have only the nucleus. They have V
structure only. e.g.
I = /ai/
Eye = /ai/
Oh = /au/
Ah = /a:/
Some syllables have VC structure. the vowel
arrests the following consonant.
e.g.
Am = /aem/ /a:m/
All = /:I/
Up = /^p/
Ass = /aes/
Some have CV structure. e.g.
Be = /bi/
She = /Si:/
So = /su/ See = /si/
Taper = /tei-p/ go = /gu/
Some have CVC structure e.g.
Boat - /b ut/ Room = /rum/
Come = /k^m/ spme = /s^m/
Gone = /g^n/
English
language allows three consonant to begin a syllable and four syllables to ends.
i.e. CCC in the beginning and CCCC at the end. Thus there can be consonant
clusters.
Closed and open syllable:
A syllable that ends in a consonant is called a
closed consonant. E.g. 'bad', 'good', 'dog', 'add' etc. The syllable ends in a
vowel is called open syllable eg. 'tea' 'go' 'bee' 'be' 'she' 'crow' etc.
Syllable consonant:
As we have seen that nucleus is important. it
joins releasing and arresting consonants. But there are some cases where
consonants join purpose of nucleus or a vowel. this is also a reason that even
though they are consonant. Treated as vowel and articulated as V
e.g.
Kettle = ke-tl, Cattle = /kae-t;/, Little =
/li-tl/
Cotton = /k-tn/ Sudden = /s^-dn/ ridden = /ri-dn/
Such syllables are called syllabic consonants and
their structur Cv, as /m/, /n/, /l/ and /r/ occupy the V position in some
syllables.
Thus understanding of syllable will help us in
getting more knowledge about phonology and phonetic levels which are very much
useful in poetry and tones.